Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that damages the optic nerve, often due to high pressure inside the eye. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide. Since it usually shows no symptoms in its early stages, many people remain unaware of the condition until significant damage has occurred. This article explains the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of glaucoma, highlighting the importance of early detection and care to protect your vision.
What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve, which is essential for vision. This damage usually occurs due to high pressure inside the eye. If not treated in time, it can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness.
Types of Glaucoma
There are two main types of glaucoma – open-angle and angle-closure. Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly and often has no early symptoms, while angle-closure glaucoma occurs suddenly and can cause severe eye pain, blurry vision, and nausea.
Causes of Glaucoma
The main cause of glaucoma is increased eye pressure due to improper drainage of fluid. Other factors include age, family history, eye injuries, and medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
In its early stages, glaucoma usually has no symptoms, but as it progresses, people may experience loss of peripheral vision, blurry vision, eye pain, or halos around lights.
Who is at Risk?
Anyone can develop glaucoma, but people over 40, those with a family history of the disease, and individuals with certain medical conditions are at higher risk. Regular eye check-ups are crucial for early detection.
How is Glaucoma Diagnosed?
Doctors use tests like eye pressure measurement, optic nerve examination, and visual field tests to diagnose glaucoma.
Treatment for Glaucoma
Although glaucoma cannot be cured, treatment can prevent further vision loss. Common treatments include eye drops to lower eye pressure, laser therapy, or surgery to improve fluid drainage.
Prevention and Conclusion
To reduce the risk of glaucoma, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, protect your eyes from injuries, and manage health conditions like diabetes. Early detection and treatment are key to preserving vision and preventing blindness caused by glaucoma.
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