Saloni Trivedi, a Communication Specialist, discovered the significance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine when she read about a well-known Indian politician diagnosed with cervical cancer.
In this simplified guide, we delve into the importance of the HPV vaccine for women in India, addressing its role in preventing cervical cancer.
What is the HPV Vaccine? Why is it Important?
The HPV vaccine is crucial in preventing cervical cancer, which results from uncontrolled cell growth in the cervix, primarily caused by persistent HPV infection, a common sexually transmitted infection. Dr. Puja Sharma, Senior Consultant Obstetrics and Gynaecology, explains that the vaccine is most effective when administered before a person becomes sexually active and exposed to the virus. It stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against HPV, preventing infection and the subsequent development of cervical cancer.
Types of HPV and Their Impact:
HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a group of more than 200 related viruses, with sexually transmitted types falling into low-risk and high-risk groups. High-risk types, such as HPV 16 and HPV 18, are responsible for the majority of HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine targets these strains, offering protection against infection. Low-risk types generally do not lead to cancer but may cause warts in various areas.
The HPV Vaccine in India:
In India, the HPV vaccine has been available since 2008, with Gardasil being one of the licensed vaccines. Gardasil 9, introduced in 2018, prevents infection with nine HPV types. Cervavac, launched in 2003 by Serum Institute of India, is the country’s first quadrivalent HPV vaccine, targeting four HPV strains. Healthcare providers administer the vaccine in two or three doses, starting as early as age nine, with the second dose given after a recommended interval of 6 to 12 months.
Barriers and Challenges:
Despite the importance of the HPV vaccine, misinformation, stigma, and healthcare disparities have hindered its widespread adoption in India. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 5), less than 1% of Indian girls are currently vaccinated against HPV. Misinformation about the vaccine’s safety and efficacy has deterred many women from getting vaccinated. Additionally, financial constraints and accessibility issues contribute to the hesitation.
Solutions and Awareness:
To address these challenges, awareness campaigns, celebrity endorsements, and affordable vaccine options are crucial. Encouraging open dialogue and discussions around HPV vaccination can help dismantle barriers and raise awareness about cervical cancer. The government has taken steps to create awareness. It has recommended the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the Universal Immunisation Programme for 9-14-year-old girls, administered primarily through schools.
The Road Ahead:
Increasing media engagement and leveraging social media can contribute to reducing the burden of cervical cancer in the country. Additionally, involving parents in the discussion is essential for raising awareness and promoting preventive measures. Cervavac, a low-cost HPV vaccine, is expected to enhance vaccine accessibility for girls of all ages in India. Affordable options can positively impact vaccine intake, especially in regions with financial constraints. This can lead to increased vaccination rates and improved overall public health.
Conclusion:
Decoding the HPV vaccine is crucial for women in India. It plays a significant role in preventing cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer in the country. Addressing barriers, spreading awareness, and improving vaccine accessibility are essential steps. Through these efforts, we can work towards reducing the prevalence of cervical cancer. This, in turn, ensures the well-being of women across India.
