In January 2019, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in India took a significant step toward addressing the growing concern of declining air quality by launching the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). With a focus on 131 cities facing air quality challenges, the NCAP aims to collaborate with various stakeholders to enhance air quality and create a healthier living environment.
Cities Covered under National Clean Air Programme:
The NCAP doesn’t just target major cities but also extends its reach to 123 Non-Attainment Cities (NACSs) and eight other million-plus cities. Initially, 102 non-attainment cities were identified, emphasizing areas where air quality standards were not being met. This comprehensive approach is crucial in tackling the diverse challenges posed by air pollution.
Financial Incentives:
Recognizing the urgency of the issue, the Indian government allocated approximately $1.7 billion in 2020 for a five-year plan to combat air pollution. Interestingly, this funding is tied to performance, as cities with a million or more inhabitants need to reduce their air pollution levels by 15% annually to qualify for this fiscal transfer program. It marks a strategic move towards incentivizing cities to actively participate in improving air quality.
Goals and Targets:
The primary goal of the NCAP is to achieve the required annual average ambient air quality standards across the nation within a specified timeframe. Initially, the program set a target of a 20-30% reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by 2024. However, in September 2022, the Union Government raised the bar, aiming for a 40% reduction by 2026. These targets reflect the commitment to making substantial progress in a relatively short period.
Objectives of National Clean Air Programme:
The NCAP outlines a set of objectives to comprehensively tackle air pollution. First and foremost, there’s a focus on expanding and improving the country’s ambient air quality monitoring network. A reliable database is crucial for informed decision-making and effective implementation of air quality improvement strategies. Additionally, there’s an emphasis on increasing public awareness and capacity-building efforts to actively involve the community in the fight against air pollution.
Legislative Support:
In a significant move, the Indian Parliament enacted a statute in August 2021 to establish the Commission of Air Quality Management in the National Capital Region and surrounding districts. This was a recognition of the need for coordinated, cross-jurisdictional action to combat air pollution effectively. The legislation highlights the commitment to a holistic approach, recognizing the interconnected nature of air quality issues.
Progress Update:
As of September 2022, encouraging signs of progress have emerged. Ninety-five out of the 131 non-attainment cities covered by the NCAP recorded an “overall improvement” in PM10 levels in 2021 compared to 2017. These positive indicators showcase the potential impact of targeted efforts and initiatives outlined in the program.
Conclusion:
The National Clean Air Programme is a crucial initiative in India’s battle against air pollution. By setting ambitious targets, implementing comprehensive strategies, and actively involving communities, the program aims to create a breathable and healthier environment for all. The commitment to performance-based funding and legislative support further underline the seriousness of the endeavor. As the NCAP progresses, it offers hope for a future where every citizen can breathe easy.
