Every year on July 26, the International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem is observed. We have lost half of the mangrove forests since 1980. Some countries have lost over 80% of their mangrove population.
Mangroves thrive along tropical and subtropical coastlines. They have the ability to withstand high salinity, tidal flooding, and low oxygen levels. This is why only 110 species of mangroves that can grow in these saline swamps have been identified.
These trees are supported by tangled cagy roots, which help them withstand tidal waves and provide a rich habitat for many organisms such as fish and crustaceans.
Conservation of mangrove ecosystems is important because it prevents coastal erosion, mitigates the effects of tides and tsunamis, and reduces atmospheric carbon.
History of International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem
The International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem, observed on July 26, was established by UNESCO in the 2015 General Conference to raise awareness about the critical mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this day is to promote the conservation and growth of mangrove forests.
Mangrove forests play an important ecological role. The mangrove forest’s tangled roots serve as a nursery for many organisms, shielding them from predators, extreme heat, and powerful tides. Coastal forests remove five times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than terrestrial forests, in addition to supporting a diverse biodiversity.
The area covered by mangrove forests has nearly halved in the last 40 years. Shrimp farming poses the greatest threat to mangrove forests. A large portion of the forest is uprooted in order to create a closed pond for shrimp breeding. It entails the excessive use of antibiotics and chemicals to prevent disease and increase yield. The ecological balance of the forests is irreparably damaged within years.
The wood from these forests can be well coveted and sold for large sums. It is also used for charcoal production. This leads to severe deforestation. Often rivers are diverted to make way for roads, and buildings, or to supply water to farming fields. Since most mangrove forests are situated on estuaries, this is also a leading cause of disruption of mangrove habitat.
Why International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem is Important
1. Source of livelihood
Oxygen, food, clothes. The list is long. We cannot continue our existence without trees. Conservation of mangrove trees is even more crucial because they harbor a plethora of fauna and can be a key to reducing global warming.
2. Source of income and food
Mangrove honey and silk can provide small-scale income to the neighboring communities without damaging the mangrove habitat. Fishes, crabs, and shrimps when harvested sustainably are a source of nourishment.
3. Home for animals
Mangroves offer a comfortable habitat to young organisms. Fishes (even sharks) and crustaceans find the stilts of mangrove forests quite homely.